Kun kao, a British Chinese born in Shanghai, China in 1966, published the paper of Optical Frequency Medium Fiber Surface Waveguide, putting forward the use of quartz glass fiber (optical fiber) to transmit optical signals for communication, which can achieve long distance and large capacity communication.

The invention of optical fiber has brought about a revolution in communication technology and is a major element of the upcoming information society in the 21st century.

Corning is a manufacturer of special glass and ceramic materials and one of the first companies to invest in optical fiber research. A 20db/km loss optical fiber was developed in 1970. It was reported that Corning spent $30 million to get a 30-meter sample of the fiber, which it thought was worth it. This breakthrough shocked the entire communication sector and the developed countries in the world began to invest a huge force in optical fiber communications.In 1976, bell LABS established the world's first practical optical fiber communication line between Atlanta and Washington, with a rate of 45Mb/s, using multimode optical fiber and LED light source with a wavelength of 0.85 micron infrared light. In the late 1970s, high-capacity single-mode fiber and long-life semiconductor lasers were developed. Optical fiber communication systems are beginning to show the superiority of long distance and large capacity.

According to the theoretical calculation: the optical fiber communication commonly used wavelength is 1.3 micron and 1.55 micron, whose wavelength window is with a capacity of at least 25,000 GHZ. It is natural to think of adopting multi wavelength of WDM technology of WDM (WavelengthDivisionMultiplex). In 1996, WDM technology made a breakthrough. Bell LABS developed WDM technology and MCI opened commercial WDM lines in 1997. The rate of optical fiber communication system explodes from 2.5gb /s and 10Gb/s of single wavelength to Tb/s of multi-wavelength (1Tb/s=1000Gb/s). Today's laboratory optical systems, with rates of up to 10Tb/s, is nearly inexhaustible, so its prospects are excellent.

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